Thursday, November 3, 2016

A Street Robbery in St. Paul


2006-M-17    Derrick Ramon Dukes, petitioner, Appellant, vs. State of Minnesota, Respondent.

DESCRIPTION OF CRIME: On April 1, 1994, Dukes drove Steve Morrison and Kevin Lewis from Minneapolis to St. Paul to commit armed robberies.  They confronted and shot at Bennie Chaney, but he escaped unharmed.  Chaney identified the three defendants.  A witness reported the license plate and testified that he saw a hand on the driver’s side protruding and holding a smoking gun.  Dukes had been driving and Morrison and Lewis had been riding in the front and rear passenger seats.

Fifteen minutes later, and a block from the Chaney crime.  Lewis and Morrison shot Joe McKinney while robbing him.

THE TRIAL:  A Ramsey County jury found Dukes guilty of first-degree felony murder of Joe McKinney and attempted first-degree felony murder and attempted aggravated robbery of Bennie Chaney. Appellant was sentenced to consecutive terms of life and 180 months' imprisonment.

DIRECT APPEAL:  In 1996, Justice Ed Stringer wrote a unanimous opinion upholding the convictions and sentences.

FIRST POST-CONVICTION APPEAL:  In 2001, Justice Paul Anderson wrote a unanimous opinion that denied four of Dukes’ claims, but returned two issues for clarification by the Court of Appeals.

In 2003, Justice James Gilbert wrote an opinion reviewing the further findings by the Court of Appeals regarding the two issues remanded for further review.  Here, the Supreme Court again upheld Dukes convictions and sentences.

THIS DECISION: In 2006, Justice Helen Meyer wrote a unanimous opinion to deny Dukes’ second petition for post-conviction relief, thus again upholding his convictions and sentences.

Dukes’ sole claim involved a 2004 decision by the United States Supreme Court which changed the rules for admitting hearsay statements by someone who is no longer available for confrontation and cross-examination by a defendant.  Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004).

Dukes asked the Supreme Court to apply the 2004 Crawford rule retroactively to his case because the admission at trial of a transcript of a co-defendant’s statements made at the co-defendant’s guilty plea hearing violated Dukes’ constitutional right to confrontation.

 Lewis had testified at his own plea agreement hearing as to Dukes’ participation.  Lewis also promised to testify at Dukes’ trial.  But at the time of Dukes’ trial, Lewis withdrew his guilty plea and refused to testify.  Dukes’ prosecutors submitted Lewis’ confession transcript and the trial court admitted it as evidence.

The rule about applying United States Supreme Court decisions retroactively to case that have completed their trial and first round of appeals is that the new decision will not be applied retroactively unless an exception, which is “known as the ‘watershed rule’ exception, applies when the new rule ‘requires the observance of those procedures that are implicit in the concept of ordered liberty’ or ‘alter our understanding of the bedrock procedural elements that must be found to vitiate the fairness of any particular conviction.”

The Minnesota Supreme Court held that Crawford did not create such a fundamental new rule.  Because Dukes’ trial and first full appeal were completed in 1996, the Minnesota Supreme Court held that the 2004 Crawford decision would not be applied to Dukes retroactively.  Thus, it upheld Dukes’ convictions and sentences.

DATE OF DECISION:  August 3, 2006
RECORD NUMBER:  2006-134
FULL OPINION:  A05-2264,
DESCRIPTION:  [MURDER]  ROBBERY]


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